| D-Ribose Ribose, a unique, 5-carbon sugar that occurs
naturally in all living cells forms the carbohydrate portion of DNA and RNA, the building
blocks of life. Ribose is also the sugar that begins the metabolic process for production
of adenosine triphosphate (or ATP). ATP is the major source of energy used by cells
including muscle tissue for normal function.
Intense exercise causes a significant
decrease in skeletal muscle energy levels. In fact, it can take 3 days or longer for these
energy levels to recover! Recent studies show, however, that supplementing with high
quality ribose hastens energy recovery in all types of skeletal muscles. This means you'll
be able to work out longer and build muscle faster because you will recover quicker from
intense workouts, having the energy to do more!
Over the past 25 years, research has shown
that ribose enhances energy recovery in cardiac muscle (heart tissue) after periods of
restricted blood flow. Rigorous testing in both animal and human studies have demonstrated
that supplementation of ribose restores intracellular energy levels in the cardiac muscle
tissue and helps maintain healthy heart function.
Ribose is research proven to help increase
muscular energy, boost endurance, and promote recovery! It's a powerful cellular energy
source that is naturally occurring and found in all cells in the body. It's an efficient
way to improve your energy levels for working out through its participation in the
synthesis of ATP in the muscle cell, enhancing performance, and aiding in the recovery of
muscle tissue after intense exercise.
B- Hydroxy B-Methylbutyrate Monohydrate (HMB)
Many of the world's champions and athletes
are using HMB and receiving dramatic results. Specifically, HMB plays a role in the
synthesis of muscle tissue. It has the ability to burn fat and build muscle consistently
in response to exercise. Backed heavily by science, HMB works for NFL greats like Shannon
Sharpe and Olympic medallists throughout the globe. New scientific studies are being
conducted on this supplement all the time. Recently, a study showed in a control group
supplementing with HMB, that after taking 3 grams of HMB per day for three weeks, those
who took HMB versus the random placebo takers gained three times more muscle on their
bench press! Animal studies also suggest that it may increase lean muscle mass.
A study conducted on humans showed that
those who supplemented with HMB experienced enhanced strength, greater endurance, and
increased fat loss. It's ability to boost endurance alone is an incredible result. A seven
week long study showed a much greater gain in muscle when a group of 28 participated in a
regular weight-training program. How does HMB do all this? It appears to increase the rate
of protein being used to increase muscle growth, while decreasing the atrophy or tear down
of muscle that occurs.
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone)
Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) belongs to
a biologically active class known as bioflavonoids. Chrysin has been isolated from
Passiflora plants, such as P. coerulea (used as a sedative in folklore medicine)1 and P.
incarnate (maracuja "passion flower" which is well known in traditional medicine
for its diverse biological effects). The effects of Chrysin include anti-inflammatory
action, antiviral (including anti-HIV) action, vasodilatory effects and anxiety-reducing
action. Chrysin has also been shown to have a potential role in drug metabolism and the
chemoprevention of carcinogenesis. Laboratory studies, on in vitro and animal models,
revealed that Chrysin inhibited the secretion of lysosomal enzymes and arachidonic acid,
as well as the degranulation of mast cells, thereby reducing inflammation.
Chrysin's aromatase-inhibiting effects have
made it popular among some body builders and athletes who use androgens. Very preliminary
research suggests that chrysin may emerge as a useful anxiolytic agent, that it might aid
in the control of morphine withdrawl and that it might have some chemopreventive
properties in cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Chrysin happens is a very good inhibitor of
aromatase, the enzyme in the body that converts testosterone into estradiol, and
androstenedione into estrone. When this enzyme is inhibited, testosterone (as well as
androstenedione) will tend to accumulate to higher concentrations. Indeed, numerous
studies have shown that levels of testosterone rise when the action of the aromatase
enzyme is blocked. It therefore comes as no surprise that chrysin is popular among
athletes and other people eager to increase their testosterone levels, often in
conjunction with supplemental testosterone precursors.
Creatine Ethyl Ester
Creatine Ethyl Ester HCL (CEE) is creatine
monohydrate with an ester attached. Esters are organic compounds that are formed by
esterification - the reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohols.
Regular creatine monohydrate has been shown
effective at increasing lean muscle mass, muscle strength and athletic performance.
However, regular creatine monohydrate is absorbed poorly by the body - and its
effectiveness is dependant upon the cells ability to absorb it. The poor absorption rate
of regular creatine monohydrate requires the creatine user to ingest large dosages of
creatine to achieve desired effect.
Because creatine draws water to the cell,
and because most ingested creatine monohydrate is not absorbed, unabsorbed creatine will
sit outside of the target cell with the water, and this will result in the "creatine
bloat."
Creatine ethyl ester is creatine
monohydrate with an ester attached. The attachment of an ester is significant, because
esters are found in the fat tissue of animals. But, why is this important? What role does
this have in the absorption of creatine?
All substances that you put into your body
will affect its operation. There are three ways that substances can affect a cells
operation. They are:
- Ligand binding to protein receptor sites.
- Secondary messenger / metabotropic systems
- Passive permeation of the cell wall via lipids
When a substance enters the body and
affects the bodies operation, it is known as a ligand. The soma and dendrites of the cell
have protein receptor sites to which ligands can bind. The process of a ligand binding
with a receptor site is akin to a lock and key: only keys of a certain shape work with
certain locks. When they work and cause the cells stimulation they are called agonists.
When they block the cell from functioning they are called antagonists.
When a ligand binds with the receptor site
of a target cell, the cell, in the simplest of cases, changes its shape, opens up its ion
channels and changes its function. In so-called "secondary messenger" or
metabotropic cells, the ligand binds with the receptor site and an internal protein known
as a g-protein is released. This released protein then binds to an internal site inside of
the cell, and then the cell changes its behavior by opening its ion channels. Cells that
operate in this way are known as metabotropic cells because their operation requires
metabolic energy.
Passive permeation is a process that
describes the diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane through the use of lipids as
transport mechanisms. Because no "work" is being done by the cell in this model,
this model is called passive permeation.
Creatine monohydrate utilizes lipids to
permeate the cell wall and enter the cell. Because of this, the esterification of
creatine, and the presence of esters in animal fat tissue, becomes significant.
Creatine monohydrate is semi-lipopholic.
This means that it inefficiently uses fat as a transport mechanism. The esterification of
substances will increase their lipopholic abilities, and thus esterified creatine will use
fat more efficiently to permeate the cell wall and exert its effects upon cellular
function than its unesterified creatine monohydrate counterpart.
This means, simply, that not only will
dosage requirements be lower, but the absorption of esterified creatine will be increased
and the infamous "creatine bloat" will be eliminated!
5-Methoxy-7-Methoxy-Isoflavone
This powerful flavone has shown to decrease
cortisol levels, increase protein synthesis, and improve overall recovery from exercise.
5-Methoxy-7-Methoxy-Isoflavone, the
official chemical name, is an all natural ingredient that was brought to light by a
Hungarian company decades ago. It wasn't until 1997 when this ingredient was made
available on the free market due to the expiration of their patent. Dozens of studies
uncovered a literal gold mine of performance improving benefits.
Benefits:
- Increased nitrogen retention.
- Increased VO2 max (more endurance)
- Reduced catabolic cortisol levels (less muscle breakdown).
- Increased strength.
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